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Walk me through what a PLC, a SCADA system, a historian and an MES each do, and how they relate to ERP.

4 min readUpdated 2026-08-15

Answer

Short answer

A PLC runs the machine on a deterministic scan cycle and holds the truth about plant state; SCADA gives operators a view and supervisory control; a historian archives the resulting time series; an MES turns a production plan into work orders and a batch record; ERP sits above with the commercial view.

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Likely follow-ups

  • If the historian and the MES disagree about when a batch started, which one do you believe and why?
  • What would you have to be sure of before writing a value into a PLC register from your application?
  • Where does OEE get calculated, and what does it need from each layer to be correct?
  • A plant has SCADA and a historian but no MES. What can it not answer?

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