Interview questions by topic
Browse technical interview questions across DSA, system design, Java, frontend, telecom, QA, data and domain roles. Each area groups the topic-level question sets and links to the newest worked answers.
Data Structures & Algorithms
57 questionsDSA interview questions organised by tested pattern: arrays, hashing, rotated arrays, dynamic programming, graphs, heaps and sliding windows, so you learn transferable coding-round techniques instead of memorising puzzles.
- Arrays & Strings4
- Hashing & Maps4
- Two Pointers & Sliding Window4
- Linked Lists2
- Stacks & Queues4
- Trees & BSTs3
- Graphs6
- Heaps & Priority Queues4
- Dynamic Programming6
- Greedy Algorithms2
- Recursion & Backtracking2
- Sorting & Searching4
- Intervals3
- Bit Manipulation3
- Tries & Advanced Strings3
- Complexity Analysis3
Latest in DSA
- Assign n tasks to n workers at minimum cost, with n up to 20. Why a bitmask, and what does it cost?
- Find the cheapest flight from one city to another using at most K stops. Why does plain Dijkstra give the wrong answer?
- Count the islands in a grid of land and water. Then land is added one cell at a time, and you report the island count after every addition.
System Design
70 questionsOpen-ended design rounds broken into the building blocks they draw on, plus full case studies worked end to end with explicit trade-off reasoning.
Low-Level Design & OOD
35 questionsObject-oriented design rounds where you produce classes, interfaces, and interactions rather than infrastructure boxes and arrows.
- OOP Principles2
- SOLID & Design Heuristics3
- Creational Patterns3
- Structural Patterns3
- Behavioural Patterns4
- Concurrency in Design6
- Machine Coding Round14
Latest in LLD
- Build an in-memory pub-sub with topics, many subscribers per topic and at-least-once delivery. How does a message get redelivered?
- Design a food-ordering system: customers place orders with restaurants, and the system assigns a delivery partner. Walk me through the classes.
- Design an elevator system for a building with N lifts. When someone presses the call button, which lift answers, and where in your code is that decided?
Backend Engineering
30 questionsLanguage-agnostic service engineering: the protocols, boundaries, and failure handling that sit between a coding round and a full system design round.
- HTTP & REST4
- Authentication & Authorisation3
- Microservices5
- Resilience Patterns3
- GraphQL & gRPC4
- Distributed Systems Theory3
- Backend Scenarios8
Latest in Backend
- You are dropped into an unfamiliar repository with one failing business rule and an AI assistant that only gives hints. What do you do in the first ten minutes?
- A gRPC call three services deep hangs, and so does everything waiting on it. What was missing?
- Users in three countries book appointments, and one of those countries has just changed when its clocks move. What do you store, and what do you refuse to store?
Java & Spring
41 questionsLanguage and framework depth for JVM roles, covering the internals that separate framework users from engineers who understand what runs underneath.
- Core Java3
- Collections Framework4
- Concurrency & Multithreading4
- JVM Internals & Tuning5
- Streams & Functional Java4
- Modern Java Features3
- Spring Core6
- Spring Boot5
- Spring Data & JPA4
- Testing on the JVM3
Latest in Java
- Implement a thread-safe pool of N connections with acquire, release and a timeout.
- A method with REQUIRES_NEW was meant to save an audit row even when the main transaction fails. When does it work, and when does it deadlock?
- Startup fails with NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException after someone adds a second implementation. Do you reach for @Primary, @Qualifier or a list of beans, and which fix ages badly?
Python
22 questionsPython for backend, automation, and data roles, including the runtime behaviour that surprises candidates who only know the syntax.
- Core Python3
- OOP in Python3
- Decorators, Generators & Iterators3
- Concurrency & the GIL4
- Python Memory & Performance3
- Django & FastAPI3
- Testing in Python3
Latest in Python
- A context manager written with @contextmanager leaves a lock held whenever the with body raises. What is missing from the generator?
- You put @functools.lru_cache on a method to speed it up, and the service's memory keeps growing. Why, and which fix do you choose?
- An asyncio call times out and you handle the TimeoutError, but the background task keeps running and mutates shared state a few seconds later. What happened, and how do you make the timeout actually stop the work?
Node.js & TypeScript
15 questionsServer-side JavaScript depth, where nearly every question eventually reduces to understanding the event loop and the type system.
.NET & C#
15 questionsC# language semantics and ASP.NET Core service internals for Microsoft-stack interviews.
Latest in .NET
- You kick off background work from a controller action and it throws once the response has gone out. What is happening?
- A client disconnects but your server keeps working on their request. How does cancellation actually propagate in .NET?
- A read-only endpoint that returns fifty thousand rows is slow and memory-heavy in EF Core. What is the context doing?
Go
8 questionsGo for infrastructure and high-throughput services, where concurrency idioms carry most of the interview weight.
Latest in Go
- How do you tell whether a value escapes to the heap, and how would you find the allocations that are costing you?
- How do goroutines leak, and how would you find a leak in a running service?
- Your function returns nil on the success path, the caller checks err != nil, and the check fires anyway. What happened?
Frontend Engineering
39 questionsBrowser-platform depth, framework reasoning, and the frontend-specific design round that full-stack candidates are least prepared for.
- JavaScript Core4
- TypeScript3
- React5
- Angular & Vue2
- Browser & Rendering4
- Web Performance5
- CSS & Layout4
- Accessibility5
- Frontend System Design7
Latest in Frontend
- A flex item with a long URL in it pushes past its container instead of shrinking. Why does flex-shrink not save you?
- A third-party script in the head delays your first paint by a second. What do async, defer and type="module" each change about parsing and execution order?
- What is cascading about Cascading Style Sheets, and which everyday CSS bugs does that one word explain?
Databases & SQL
28 questionsQuery-writing rounds and the storage-engine reasoning behind why a query is slow, for backend, data, and DBA roles alike.
- SQL Query Writing4
- Indexing4
- Transactions & Isolation4
- Query Optimisation3
- Data Modelling3
- NoSQL Stores4
- PostgreSQL Internals2
- DBA & Operations4
Latest in Databases
- You are building a user-profile service. Key-value store or document database: what decides it?
- You have to pick a database in the first five minutes of a design round. Which three questions decide it?
- You need a work queue with priorities and you are told to build it in Postgres, not Kafka. What does the dequeue statement have to do, and what happens when ten workers run it at once?
DevOps & Cloud
37 questionsPlatform and infrastructure questions for DevOps, SRE, and any backend role expected to own its service in production.
- Linux & Networking5
- Containers & Docker4
- Kubernetes5
- CI/CD5
- Infrastructure as Code3
- Cloud Platforms5
- SRE & Reliability7
- DevOps Scenarios3
Latest in DevOps
- Your error budget burn alert pages every few hours, but half the time nobody outside the team has noticed anything. How do you tune it without simply making it quieter?
- Pods are being evicted during node pressure even though your CPU dashboards look fine. Where do you look, and what would you change so it stops?
- You are on call, a deploy went out twenty minutes ago and production is degraded. Talk me through what you do.
QA & Testing
36 questionsThe full QA spectrum kept deliberately separate: manual craft, automation engineering, and performance testing are different interviews with different rubrics.
- Testing Fundamentals3
- Manual & Functional Testing2
- Test Strategy & Planning3
- Automation Fundamentals3
- Selenium & WebDriver2
- Playwright & Cypress3
- API Testing4
- Performance Testing2
- Performance Analysis & Tuning3
- Mobile Testing3
- SDET Coding Rounds2
- QA in CI/CD3
- QA Scenarios3
Latest in QA
- A deep link opens the right screen when the app is in the background and the wrong one when the app was killed. How do you test for that?
- The interviewer hands you working production code with a few deliberate changes that break it. You have 45 minutes. What do you do before you read line one?
- The load test was green and the launch still fell over. What did the test not model?
Data & AI Engineering
40 questionsData engineering, ML engineering and LLM/RAG interview questions covering pipelines, model evaluation, overfitting, retrieval, embeddings, vector search and production AI systems.
- Python for Data2
- Data Pipelines11
- Spark & Big Data4
- Warehousing & Modelling4
- ML Fundamentals4
- MLOps8
- LLMs & RAG3
- Statistics & Experimentation4
Latest in Data & AI
- Events for a daily revenue table arrive up to three days late. How do you design the pipeline and the backfill?
- Your test lifts conversion, but something else moved the wrong way. What are guardrail metrics, and when do they stop a launch?
- You must ingest all of English Wikipedia every day, and the source does not want to be hammered. What runs, how often, and what do you do about the run that fails at hour six?
Generative AI & Large Language Models
26 questionsPrompting and structured output, context and tokens, adaptation, evaluation, inference economics, injection defence, and running LLM features in production.
- Prompting & Structured Output3
- Context & Tokenisation3
- Fine-tuning & Adaptation4
- Evaluation & Guardrails4
- Inference, Cost & Latency5
- Safety & Prompt Injection3
- LLMOps & Deployment4
Latest in GenAI & LLMs
- Design a chat service that streams model output to users and lets them press stop. What has to happen when they do?
- What is the KV cache, and why does it decide how many users one GPU can serve?
- You serve millions of prompts an hour and the LLM bill doubled. Where does the money go, and what do you cut?
RAG, Retrieval & Agents
24 questionsRetrieval-augmented generation end to end: ingestion, embeddings and vector indexes, hybrid search and reranking, retrieval evaluation, permissions, and agentic tool use.
- Ingestion & Chunking3
- Embeddings & Vector Indexes3
- Hybrid Search & Reranking3
- Retrieval Evaluation4
- Freshness & Incremental Indexing3
- Access Control & Multi-tenancy3
- Agents & Tool Use5
Latest in RAG & Agents
- Your RAG assistant cites the wrong document, and sounds completely sure of itself. How do you find which stage failed?
- Design a platform that runs agent tasks for hours and pauses for a human to approve risky steps.
- Your team wants to expose internal systems to an agent through MCP servers. What does the Model Context Protocol standardise, and what does it leave you to secure?
Machine Learning
24 questionsThe modelling half of an ML loop: supervised and unsupervised methods, features and leakage, metric choice, imbalance, deep learning foundations, forecasting and ranking.
- Supervised Learning3
- Feature Engineering & Leakage3
- Model Evaluation & Metrics3
- Imbalanced & Rare Events3
- Unsupervised & Anomaly Detection3
- Deep Learning Foundations3
- Time Series & Forecasting3
- Recommenders & Ranking3
Latest in Machine Learning
- What is backpropagation doing, and what does a vanishing gradient look like in practice?
- One transaction in two thousand is fraudulent and you have been asked to build the detector. How do you approach it?
- Why is a recommender built as candidate generation followed by ranking rather than as one model?
MLOps & ML Platform
24 questionsEverything between a model that works in a notebook and one a business depends on: reproducibility, feature and training infrastructure, registries, serving, drift, cost and governance.
CS Fundamentals
26 questionsThe core-subject rounds common in campus hiring and still used to probe depth in experienced interviews.
- Operating Systems6
- Computer Networks4
- DBMS Theory5
- OOP Theory4
- Compilers & Runtimes3
- Security Fundamentals4
Latest in CS Core
- Explain ACID using a bank transfer of 100 from one account to another, and tell me what isolation protects you from.
- State the four conditions for deadlock, then show me how you would stop a real program from deadlocking.
- Skip the definitions. Show me encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance and polymorphism, each in about ten lines of code, and then tell me when inheritance is the wrong tool.
Architecture & Tech Leadership
21 questionsRounds specific to senior, staff, principal, and architect titles, where the subject is judgement and organisational impact rather than code.
- Architecture Trade-offs4
- Quality Attributes & NFRs3
- Documentation & ADRs3
- Migration & Modernisation2
- Cost & Efficiency3
- Technical Strategy3
- Architecture Scenarios3
Latest in Architecture
- Your observability bill is now bigger than your compute bill. What do you cut first, and what must you never lose?
- You are asked to design something distributed and your honest answer is one Postgres box. When is that the strongest answer in the room, and when does it end the interview?
- A vendor whose product sits in your critical path has announced end of life in nine months. Walk me through the decision.
Business Analysis
21 questionsRequirements craft for BA and functional-consultant roles, where the interview tests elicitation and precision rather than technology.
Product Management
22 questionsThe PM loop as it is actually run: product sense, analytical, execution, and strategy rounds, each with its own scoring rubric.
- Product Sense & Design3
- Prioritisation Frameworks4
- Metrics & Analytics3
- Discovery & Research3
- Execution & Trade-offs3
- Strategy & Market3
- Product Case Studies3
Latest in Product
- Your largest customer, worth 15% of revenue, wants a feature nobody else has asked for, and renewal is in eight weeks. How do you decide whether to build it?
- Name a product decision you think is bad. Now tell me why the team that made it might have been right.
- A competitor has just shipped the feature at the top of your roadmap. How do you respond?
Presales & Solutioning
21 questionsSolution-engineering and presales-architect interviews, which uniquely test commercial instinct and live communication alongside technical depth.
- Discovery & Qualification3
- Solution Design & Proposals3
- RFP & RFI Response3
- Demos & POCs3
- Estimation & Commercials3
- Objection & Competitor Handling3
- Presales Scenarios3
Latest in Presales
- Your only contact is an architect who loves the product and cannot get you in front of anyone with a budget. What do you do next, and when do you stop?
- In the room, the customer tells you a competitor has committed to something you cannot match. How do you respond?
- The compliance matrix wants a yes or a no against a requirement you only partly meet, and there is nowhere to explain. What do you put in the box?
Engineering Management
22 questionsThe EM loop, which mixes people scenarios, delivery judgement, and enough retained technical credibility to lead engineers.
- People Management3
- Performance & Growth3
- Hiring & Interviewing6
- Delivery & Planning3
- Technical Judgement2
- Org Design & Influence2
- EM Scenarios3
Latest in EM
- You want to know whether a candidate asks the right questions, without hiding the answer from them. How do you set that up?
- You want to stop wasting your engineers' time on candidates who will not pass anyway. What comes before the coding round?
- A debrief lands on hire, but when you read the written feedback every interviewer has vague evidence and nobody can point to something the candidate actually did. How do you handle it?
Agile, Scrum & Delivery
21 questionsScrum master, agile coach, and delivery-manager interviews, where framework recall gets you screened in and scenario judgement gets you hired.
- Scrum Framework3
- Facilitation & Ceremonies3
- Backlog & Estimation3
- Metrics & Flow3
- Impediments & Conflict3
- Scaling & Frameworks3
- Scrum Scenarios3
Latest in Scrum
- Your Product Backlog has grown past four hundred items and refinement takes two hours a week without anything getting clearer. What would you change?
- For three sprints running your team has lost most of a week waiting for a shared test environment another group controls. What do you do about it?
- You have six teams building one product and they keep blocking each other. How do you coordinate the dependencies, and what do you make of frameworks like SAFe?
Behavioural & Culture Fit
25 questionsThe round candidates most often under-prepare, treated as a skill with structure rather than small talk, including the rubric interviewers score against.
- The STAR Method3
- Introduction & Career Narrative2
- Conflict & Collaboration4
- Ownership & Impact5
- Failure & Learning3
- Leadership & Influence2
- Pressure & Ambiguity4
- Questions to Ask Them2
Latest in Behavioural
- A headquarters team in another time zone keeps making decisions that land on your team. Tell me how you handled it.
- How do you use AI tools in your daily work, and when do you refuse to trust an LLM's answer?
- You are asked to bring a real piece of your own work and talk through it. What do you choose, and what do you have to be ready to admit?
HR, Screening & Offer
19 questionsThe recruiter and HR rounds that gate the technical loop and decide your compensation, where most candidates improvise and lose money.
- Recruiter Screening3
- Motivation & Fit4
- Gaps & Job Changes3
- Compensation & Negotiation3
- Logistics & Policy3
- Offer Evaluation3
Latest in HR
- Why do you want to work at a global capability centre rather than a product company or a services firm?
- Most of this package is equity in a private company. How do you decide what it is worth to you?
- We run a background verification before joining. Is there anything on your record we should know about now?
Working in a Domain
6 questionsDomain knowledge as a skill rather than as a subject: why it decides between two technically equal candidates, how the vocabulary gates entry, and how to acquire it deliberately instead of absorbing it over a decade.
Latest in Domain Skills
- A stakeholder keeps using a term you have never heard. What do you do in the meeting?
- How do you turn what the business tells you into a domain model that holds up once the exceptions arrive?
- Everyone in the business calls it the fax queue, and nothing has been faxed since 2014. Do you keep that name in the code?
Banking & Financial Services
27 questionsHow a bank works underneath the app: the ledger that must always balance, the rails money moves over, the identity and financial-crime controls wrapped around it, and the regulatory reporting that constrains every design decision.
- Core Banking & Accounts3
- Lending & Credit2
- Payments & Rails3
- Cards & Acquiring2
- KYC & Customer Onboarding3
- AML & Financial Crime3
- CLM & Customer Lifecycle2
- Risk & Capital2
- Regulatory Reporting2
- Reconciliation & Settlement3
- Open Banking & APIs2
Latest in Banking
- A small percentage of your transaction reports are rejected every day and the team resubmits them the next morning. Is that acceptable?
- A cross-border payment reaches you with the originator shown only as a customer of the sending bank. What do you do with it, and what should your own system never have sent?
- A relative telephones to tell you a customer has died. Walk me through everything your systems have to do from that call onwards.
Capital Markets
20 questionsTrading, clearing and settlement systems, where correctness is measured in audit trails and the constraints are latency, determinism and an immovable settlement calendar.
- Order Lifecycle3
- Market Data3
- Clearing & Settlement3
- Custody & Asset Servicing3
- Risk & Margin2
- Post-trade Processing3
- Execution & Algorithms3
Latest in Capital Markets
- A dividend is declared and half the client's holding is out on loan while part of the rest is pledged as collateral. Who receives the income, who votes, and what does your system show the client?
- A payment instruction is about to leave your firm that is a hundred times the usual size for that counterparty. What in your systems should stop it, and who should be looking at it?
- The clearing house has called far more initial margin than your own risk system predicted. How do you find out why before the deadline?
Insurance
19 questionsPolicy and claim systems, where the engineering difficulty is product configurability and time: effective dates, retroactive change, and a record that must be reconstructable as at any past instant.
- Policy Administration3
- Underwriting & Rating3
- Claims Lifecycle3
- Insurance Fraud2
- Actuarial & Reserving3
- Reinsurance3
- Distribution & Channels2
Latest in Insurance
- Your fraud score holds up a claim from a customer of eleven years, the investigation finds nothing, and settlement is six weeks late. What did that cost you, and what should the design have done differently?
- The business wants to change a rating factor next Monday. Walk me through what actually has to happen.
- A broker asks you to backdate a cover change to three months ago. How do you model the policy so that works?
Healthcare & Life Sciences
19 questionsClinical and payer systems, where the record is legally significant, interoperability is decades of overlapping standards, and interrupting a clinician has a real cost.
- Patient Records & Identity3
- Interoperability Standards3
- Clinical Workflows3
- Coding & Billing3
- Claims & Payers3
- Privacy & Security in Health2
- Life Sciences & Trials2
Latest in Healthcare
- A new version of the diagnosis code set takes effect part-way through your financial year. What has to happen across the systems that code and bill?
- You are building the payer side. How do you configure benefits so a plan change does not need a code release?
- Take me through what a payer does with a claim after you submit it, and how you keep denials from piling up.
E-commerce & Retail
23 questionsThe path from browse to delivered and back again, where inventory is the central consistency problem and every edge case is a real order belonging to a real person.
- Catalogue & Product Data3
- Search & Discovery3
- Cart & Checkout3
- Inventory & Availability2
- Order Management & Fulfilment2
- Pricing & Promotions3
- Payments & Fraud2
- Returns & Reverse Logistics3
- Marketplace & Omnichannel2
Latest in E-commerce
- An upstream feed resets ten thousand of your prices to a penny and orders start arriving. What should have stopped it, and what do you do with the orders that got through?
- A customer opens a brand-new order and finds somebody else's used item inside. Trace it back through your returns process and tell me where it went wrong.
- A customer returns one item from a three-item order paid partly by gift card. How much do you refund and to what?
Logistics & Supply Chain
18 questionsSystems that model the physical world, where recorded state diverges from reality by default and reconciliation is continuous rather than exceptional.
- Order to Delivery3
- Warehouse Operations2
- Transportation & Routing3
- Last Mile3
- Track & Trace2
- Planning & Forecasting2
- Trade & Customs3
Latest in Logistics
- A port your inbound flow depends on becomes unusable for a fortnight. Walk me through what has to happen to the plans already in flight.
- A shipment has produced no scan events for eighteen hours. Is that a problem?
- Your reported forecast accuracy went up for two quarters and inventory and stockouts both got worse. How is that possible?
Telecom
18 questionsTelecom domain interview questions covering OSS/BSS architecture, BSS billing and charging, service provisioning, logical network inventory, rating, mediation and 5G service models.
- Subscriber & Provisioning3
- Network Inventory3
- Mediation & Rating3
- Billing & Revenue Assurance3
- OSS/BSS Architecture3
- Network Services & 5G3
Latest in Telecom
- A customer ports their number away to another operator. What has to happen on your side, and what usually goes wrong?
- A customer has been barred for non-payment and it turns out they paid three weeks ago. Walk me through how that happens and what you fix.
- Take me through a bill cycle, then tell me what the invoice looks like when a customer changes plan mid-cycle and disputes the result.
Manufacturing & Industrial IoT
21 questionsPlant and shop-floor systems, where the OT/IT boundary is a hard constraint and a bad deploy can stop a production line.
- Shop-floor Systems3
- OT/IT Integration3
- Industrial Protocols3
- Telemetry & Time Series3
- Predictive Maintenance3
- Quality & Traceability3
- Safety & Availability3
Latest in Manufacturing
- You need a second system reading the same PLC data that SCADA already polls. What could that do to the line?
- A dashboard has been showing the same temperature for two days and nobody noticed. Walk the path and tell me what would have caught it.
- Explain batch and serial genealogy, how it supports a recall, and what statistical process control gives you that a threshold alarm does not.
Regulation & Compliance
15 questionsThe rules that reach into system design across every industry, and the difference between having a control, implementing it, and being able to evidence it.
- Data Privacy3
- Data Residency & Transfers3
- Auditability & Evidence3
- Access Control & Separation of Duties3
- Standards & Certification3
Latest in Compliance
- A release goes out and afterwards users can see records they were never entitled to. How would you find out, and how long would it take?
- A team wants to add a third-party AI provider hosted in another country to a feature your European customers use. What has to be true before that first request goes out?
- A regulator says this customer's data may not leave the country. How do you design for that?
Platform & DevEx
6 questionsDeveloper experience, internal tooling, and self-service platforms.
Latest in Platform
- Design an autoscaling scheme for a self-hosted CI runner fleet. What are you actually trading off, and how do you decide the numbers?
- Six months after launching an internal developer portal, weekly active usage has plateaued at around forty percent of engineering. How would you go about figuring out why, and what would you actually do about it?
- You need every service's pipeline to run a security scan, a license check, and require signed artifacts before deploy. How do you enforce that across a hundred repositories without ending up with a hundred slightly different pipeline files?
Security & InfoSec
11 questionsApplication security, threat modeling, and incident response.
Latest in Security
- You are told there is a memory-safety bug somewhere in a large C or C++ codebase, and you cannot read all of it. How do you narrow the search?
- You are handed 200 lines of AI-generated code in an interview and told some of it is exploitable. Where do you look first?
- You are accepting webhooks from two hundred partners. Threat model the ingestion pipeline - what are you actually defending against, and what does the endpoint have to do before it trusts a payload?
Technical Program Management
6 questionsCross-functional delivery, risk mitigation, and dependency management.
Latest in TPM
- A platform team your program depends on has just told you their deliverable will land three weeks late, and it is on your critical path. How do you handle telling the VP the launch date has moved?
- In standups you keep hearing engineers refer to a scaling limit as a known thing, but it has never appeared on any risk register or in any status report. What do you do with that?
- Every workstream in your program is reporting green, but you are fairly sure the program is going to miss its date. What is going on, and what do you do?
Blockchain & Web3
6 questionsSmart contracts, consensus, and decentralised architecture.
Game Server Architecture
3 questionsMultiplayer state, tick rates, and low-latency UDP networking.
Latest in Game
- How do you make a remote player move smoothly between server updates, and where does that smoothing visibly break?
- When would you choose deterministic lockstep over an authoritative server, and what does each model cost you?
- Walk me through what rollback netcode does on a single frame, and what it costs to run it.
Embedded Systems & IoT
3 questionsFirmware, RTOS, and edge constraints.
Hardware & Silicon Design
3 questionsASIC, FPGA, and Verilog development.
Quantitative Development
3 questionsLow-latency C++, order books, and algorithmic trading.
Latest in Quantitative
- Why do low-latency systems preallocate arenas instead of calling the general-purpose allocator on the hot path?
- Two threads write to adjacent counters and throughput collapses. What is happening and how do you fix it?
- What cost does kernel-bypass networking actually remove, and what do you give up to get it?
Mobile Engineering
8 questionsiOS, Android, and cross-platform architecture at scale.
Latest in Mobile
- An Android app queues actions while offline. After the process is killed and restarted, some actions sync twice and the user sees duplicate orders. How do you design the fix?
- A Compose screen with a long list is janky while scrolling - walk through how you'd find and fix the recomposition problem causing it.
- You're asked to break up a five-year-old iOS app that has become one enormous Xcode target - how would you approach modularising it, and what does it cost you?
AR/VR & Spatial Computing
3 questions3D math, rendering pipelines, and headset optimizations.
Latest in AR/VR
- The two eye views are almost the same image. How do you avoid paying for the scene twice?
- How does foveated rendering work, what does it need to be safe, and what does it genuinely buy you?
- Why does a dropped frame matter far more in VR than in a flat-screen game, and what does the compositor do to hide it?
Developer Relations
3 questionsAdvocacy, community, and developer experience.
Latest in Developer
- Your advocacy team can either build things - an SDK, sample apps, better reference docs - or publish things: posts, talks, videos. Both compete with the product roadmap for the same engineering time. How do you decide the split?
- Your DevRel programme reports growing impressions, follower counts and packed conference sessions, but finance is asking what it returns. How would you show whether the work is driving adoption, and how would you defend the budget when you cannot attribute cleanly?
- You are taking questions after a talk and a developer says your API's error handling is a mess and cost their team two weeks. They are partly right, and the fix is not yours to promise. What do you say, and what do you do afterwards?
UX/UI & Product Design
3 questionsDesign systems, accessibility, and user research.
Latest in UX/UI
Technical Writing
3 questionsDocs-as-code, OpenAPI, and information architecture.
Latest in Tech Writing
- How do you keep API reference documentation in sync with an API that changes every sprint?
- An engineer who knows the system better than anyone sends you a badly written docs pull request. What do you push back on?
- One reader is learning your product, another is debugging it at 2am. How do you structure documentation that serves both?
Agile Coaching
3 questionsScaled agile, release trains, and organizational transformation.
Latest in Agile
- A team tells you the scaled agile rollout is process for its own sake and wants no part of it. What do you do?
- Three teams building one product are on different cadences and each waits on the others. Would you align their sprints?
- Six months into a scaled agile rollout the sponsor asks whether it is working. What do you measure, and what do you refuse to report?
Technical Customer Success
3 questionsOnboarding, adoption, and enterprise account management.
Latest in Customer Success
- A customer has escalated hard, insisting your product is broken, but the fault is in their own integration. How do you run the investigation and deliver the finding?
- A renewal-at-risk account is demanding three features, and the roadmap is already committed to other customers. How do you handle it, including if the answer is no?
- An enterprise account's usage has flatlined six months after an onboarding everyone called a success. How do you work out why?
Forward Deployed Engineering
11 questionsEngineering embedded with a customer: their data, their constraints, and a problem nobody has specified yet.
Latest in Forward Deployed
- You get a messy customer export and three hours to turn it into something they can use. What do you build first?
- What does a forward deployed engineer interview test that a standard software engineer loop does not?
- The customer asks you to build something you are fairly sure will not solve their real problem. Do you build it anyway?
Early Careers, Internships & Graduate Hiring
38 questionsOnline assessments, aptitude tests, internships, graduate schemes and campus hiring: the rounds students and new graduates face before their first job, wherever they apply.
- Online Assessments6
- Aptitude & Reasoning Tests6
- Internships & Co-ops5
- Graduate Schemes & Assessment Centres6
- Campus & New-Grad Hiring5
- Projects & Your First Resume5
- Fresher HR & First Offers5
Latest in Early Careers
- Your assessment includes a section where an AI assistant helps you fix a small repository. What is that section scoring?
- In an online assessment, "what does this code print?" questions keep catching you out. How do you answer them quickly without guessing?
- In an assessment-centre group exercise everyone is talking. How are you being scored?
Executive & Engineering Leadership
44 questionsDirector, VP, head-of and CTO interviews: strategy, organisation design, AI adoption, build versus buy, budgets and business cases, and the case studies, take-homes, presentations and executive panels these loops use.
- Strategy & Vision6
- Organisation Design & Scaling6
- AI Adoption & Transformation5
- Build, Buy & Vendors5
- Budgets & Business Cases5
- Reliability & Incident Leadership4
- Executive Interview Formats6
- Leadership Case Studies & Take-homes7
Latest in Executive Leadership
- Prepare a 30-60-90 day plan for joining as VP of Engineering at a company whose engineering team keeps missing its deadlines.
- A peer executive challenges your strategy in front of the CEO. How do you respond in the room, and what do you do afterwards?
- The board asks what AI has changed in engineering. What evidence do you bring, and what do you refuse to claim?
Every kind of round, not just the coding one
A real loop is several different examinations wearing one name. These are orthogonal tags rather than folders, so a question can be scenario-based and senior and hard without being duplicated into three places.
- Scenario-based660
A realistic situation you must diagnose, decide on, or work through out loud.
- Design527
Open-ended architecture or component design with trade-off defence.
- Conceptual457
Direct knowledge checks on how something works and why.
- Coding172
Write or debug working code, usually in a shared editor.
- Case Study172
Extended business or product case worked end to end.
- Behavioural128
Past-experience questions scored against a competency rubric.
- HR & Screening41
Recruiter-round logistics, motivation, and compensation questions.
- Take-home6
Asynchronous assignments and what reviewers actually grade.
By difficulty
Medium is where most candidates are actually separated, so that is where the weight sits.
- Easy38
- Medium433
- Hard644
By seniority
One question is often asked at several levels; the bar shows how many carry each.
- Entry / Fresher155
- Mid-level810
- Senior1012
- Staff / Principal / Architect804
- Lead / Manager329
- Director / VP / CTO44