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How do you spend the first ten minutes of a system design round?

5 min readUpdated 2026-08-15

Answer

Short answer

Spend roughly three minutes agreeing the functional scope, three pinning the numbers that change the architecture, and four turning those numbers into a derived estimate of request rate, storage and bandwidth — then state which design decision each number forces.

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Likely follow-ups

  • The interviewer refuses to give you a user count. What do you do?
  • Which of your assumptions, if wrong by an order of magnitude, would force you to redraw the design?
  • How do you decide whether to spend your remaining time on the write path or the read path?
  • You realise twenty minutes in that you misread the read/write ratio. How do you recover without restarting?

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